On blood, calidades, objects and places. Creole agency and racial representation in the caste series of Francisco de Clápera (New Spain, 1776-1810)

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G. Thomas O'Rourke Murolo

Abstract

Created by mestizo and criollo artists during the 18th century, Casta Painting emerged as an original genre in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, reflecting its robust cultural life and the vitality of local elites. This study examines the series by Francisco de Clápera, one of the few preserved in its entirety and the only one attributed to an artist born on the Iberian Peninsula. Casta series depicted various combinations of “interethnic” families, associating spaces, objects, habits, and inclinations with each type of union. Since the panels were numbered, they established a hierarchy based on racial cleavages. In this research, I approach this artistic genre as a rhetorical device that communicates meanings, with particular interest in how these series attempt to articulate racial beliefs. I also aim to situate the production of these series within their historical context, both political and symbolic. In this regard, I explore both the ideological antecedents that emerged in the Iberian Peninsula during the 14th to 16th centuries and the connections to the political context of the late colonial period. My analysis focuses on how these representations articulate meanings, with special attention to objects and places to understand how they participate in rhetorical processes.

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O’Rourke Murolo, G. T. . (2025). On blood, calidades, objects and places. Creole agency and racial representation in the caste series of Francisco de Clápera (New Spain, 1776-1810). Rétor, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.61146/retor.v14.n2.232
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